One of Portugal's most charming and important cities, Coimbra served as the countries capital during the First Dynasty, during the 12th century, and is justifiably famed for its cultural significance, both then and now. Perhaps best known for the University of Coimbra, built in 1290, Coimbra is the oldest seat for learning in Portugal and is home to a plethora of medieval churches, libraries, monuments and a bustling and nightlife. It is a diverse city that no visitor to Portugal should miss.
D. João V Library, Coimbra University, detail - Coimbra, photo by Nuno Calvet
Its history is not dissimilar to that of many of its counterparts. First under the control of the Celts, it fell under Roman occupation which influenced the town both architecturally and culturally in ways that are still evident today. Some archaeological remains from this time are can be seen at the Museu Nacional Machado de Castro, which also houses some of the best sculptures and ancient art in Portugal. After the Romans, the Visigoths enjoyed a brief period of control over the city, before the Moors captured it in the 8th century. Finally it was conquered in 1064 by the Christians under the leadership of Fernando I.
From the Middle Ages the city of Coimbra separated into an Upper and Lower City, the former for the clergy and aristocracy and the latter being the place of most of the city's commercial activity. To get the most out of a visit here, it is must to do a walking tour of each of these parts of Coimbra, which can be organised upon arrival and will best showcase Coimbra's enchanting aura and bubbly atmosphere, as well as the differences between the two sides. There is so much to see, but perhaps most important is the city's medieval University, which is the oldest in all of the Portuguese speaking countries and one of the oldest in the world.
The Old Cathedral was built in the 12th century and is considered one of Portugal's best examples of a Romanesque church and there is a striking old Jewish centre.
Influences of the Renaissance are also evident, and during this period Dom João III did much to improve the facilities and look of the university. He was also very influential in modernising the ways in which students were taught at the time which paved the way for the many modern thinkers that have come out of the university to be incredibly liberal and unique in their thinking. The prevalence of the university in the city is unmistakable and gives it a youthfulness that is enjoyed by all. There are various student festivals throughout the year and the nightlife is some of the best in Portugal.
Influences from the Jesuits, who in the 17th century built the new cathedral are still apparent. As is the influence of many famous Portuguese people, such as Dom José I, the prime-minister of king Jose I, who created the Science Museum of the University of Coimbra which is one of the most important European historical science collections, which seems to run through the veins of this city. It is a wonderfully diverse, culturally resplendent and visually stunning city and is a must see for any visitor to Portugal.
More information: visitportugal.com
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